Security - for incoming commands/messages - ensuring sender/issuer is who we think it is (pwd vs knowledge/access to entry point) - ensuring they have permission to issue their request - validating the correctness of the request - avoiding/mitigating/recovering from destructive requests - how to share usernames/passwords - for stored data - configuration files - data files - cookies, registry keys - session settings - secrecy of location (who knows where it is, who can access it) - encryption/decryption - for transmitted messages - encrypt all or part - how to share encryption formats/keys